Philip W. Wirtz

• Statistical Modeling and Analysis
• Causal Modeling
• Research Methodology
• Structural Equation Modeling
• Hierarchical Linear Modeling
• Data Mining

• Ph.D., The George Washington University, 1983
• M.S., Purdue University, 1975
• B.A., The George Washington University, 1971

• Reed, A., Rohrbeck, C., Wirtz, P., & Marceron, J. (2023). Perceived Threat of Disaster, Efficacy, and Psychological Distress Among Individuals with a Physical Disability: A Longitudinal Model. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 17, E559. doi:10.1017/dmp.2023.214.
• Hagerman, C. J., Stock, M. L., Post, S., Macura, Z., Moore, P. J., Dodge, T., & Wirtz, P. W. (2023). The Effects of Implicit Theories on Body Weight Information Avoidance. Experimental Psychology.
• Moore, T. J., Wirtz, P. W., Curran, J. N., & Alexander, G. C. (2023). Medical use and combination drug therapy among US adult users of central nervous system stimulants: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ open, 13(4), e069668.
• Moore, T. J., Wirtz, P. W., Kruszewski, S. P., & Alexander, G. C. (2021). Changes in medical use of central nervous system stimulants among US adults, 2013 and 2018: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 11(8), e048528.
• Wirtz, P. W., Rohrbeck, C. A., & Burns, K. M. (2019). Anxiety effects on disaster precautionary behaviors: a multi-path cognitive model. Journal of health psychology, 24(10), 1401-1411.  
• Ryan, M. T., Rohrbeck, C. A., & Wirtz, P. W. (2018). The importance of self-efficacy in parental emergency preparedness: a moderated mediation model. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 12(3), 345-351.
• Wirtz, P. W., & Rohrbeck, C. A. (2018). The dynamic role of perceived threat and self-efficacy in motivating terrorism preparedness behaviors. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 27, 366-372.
• Wirtz, P. W., & Rohrbeck, C. A. (2017). Efficacy for dealing with terrorism precautionary behavior: Laying the groundwork for communication effectiveness.  Journal of Health Communication, 22(10), 829-838.
• Wirtz, P. W., & Rohrbeck, C. A. (2017). Social influence and cognitive-motivational effects on terrorism preparedness: A hurdle model. Health Education Journal, 76(4). 385-397.
• Prasad, K., Wirtz, P. W., & Yu, L. (2014). Measuring hotel guest satisfaction by using an online quality management system. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 23(4), 445-463.          
• Gajewski, D.A., Philbeck, J.W., Wirtz, P.W., & Chichka, D. (2014)  Angular Declination and the Dynamic Perception of Egocentric Distance.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40(1), 361-377.
• Woods, A.J., Philbeck, J.W., Wirtz, P. (2013)  Hyper-arousal decreases human visual thresholds. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e61415. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061415. PMID: 23593478.
• Basford, T.E., Offermann, L.R., & Wirtz, P.W. (2012).  Considering the source:  The impact of leadership level on follower motivation and intent to stay.  Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 19(2), 202-214.
• Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Wirtz, P.W. (2011).  Predictors of entry to the nursing home: Does length of follow-up matter?  Archives of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 53(3), 309-315.
• Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P.W., Zywiak, W.H., & O'Malley, S. (2010).  Network support as a prognostic indicator of drinking outcomes: the COMBINE study.  Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71, 837-846.
• Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P.W., Gulliver, S.B., & Davidson, D. (2009).  Extended naltrexone and broad spectrum treatment or motivational enhancement treatment. Psychopharmacology, 206(3), 367-376.
• Cohen-Mansfield, J. & Wirtz, P.W. (2009).  The reasons for nursing home entry in an adult day care population: caregiver reports versus regression results.  Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 22(4), 274-281.
• Stein, L.A.R. Minugh, P. A., Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P., Baird, J., Nirenberg, T.D., Woolard, R.F., Carty, K., Lee, C., Mello, M., Becker, B., & Gogineni, A. (2009).  Readiness to change as a mediator of the effect of a brief Motivational Intervention on post-treatment alcohol related consequences of injured Emergency Department hazardous drinkers.  Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(2), 185-195.
• Wirtz, P.W. (2007).  Advances in causal chain development and testing in alcohol research:  Mediation, suppression, moderation, mediated moderation and moderated mediation.  Alcoholism:  Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(S3), 57S-63S.
• Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Wirtz, P.W. (2007).  Characteristics of Adult Day-Care Participants Who Enter a Nursing Home.  Psychology and Aging, 22(2), 354-360.
• Davidson, D., Gulliver, S.B., Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P.W., & Swift, R. (2006).  Building better CBT: Is broad spectrum treatment more effective than motivational enhancement therapy for alcohol dependent patients treated with naltrexone? Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68(2), 238-247.
• Wirtz, P.W. (2005).  Modeling developmental change over time: Latent growth analysis. In D. Teti (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods in Developmental Psychology.  Malden, MA: Blackwell.
• Woolard, R.H., Carty, K., Wirtz, P., Longabaugh, R., Niremberg, T.D., Minugh, P.A., Becker, B., & Clifford, P.R. (2004). Research fundamentals: Follow-up of subjects in clinical trials: Addressing subject attrition.  Academic Emergency Medicine, 11(8), 859-866.
• Sigelman, C.K., Rinehart, C.S., Sorongon, A.G., Bridges, L.J., & Wirtz, P.W. (2004). Teaching a coherent theory of drug action to elementary school children.  Health Education Research, 19(5), 501-513.
• Newcomer, K.E., & Wirtz, P.W. (2004).  Using statistics in evaluation. In J.S. Wholey, H.P. Hatry, & K.E. Newcomer (eds.), Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation (second edition). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
• Sigelman, C.K., Bridges, L.J., Sorongon, A.G., Rinehart, C.S., Brewster, A.G., & Wirtz, P.W. (2003).  Biological background knowledge and learning from a drug and alcohol education program. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 164(2), 133-152.
• Sigelman, C.K., Bridges, L.J., Leach, D.B., Mack, K. L., Rinehart, C. S., Sorongon, A.G., Brewster, A.B., & Wirtz, P.W. (2003). The efficacy of an education program to teach children a scientific theory of how drugs affect behavior. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(5), 573-594.
• Longabaugh, R., & Wirtz, P.W. (2003).  AProject Match hypotheses@: What this monograph aims to achieve [Letter to the editor].  Addiction, 98(4), 535-536.
• Zywiak, W.H., Longabaugh, R., & Wirtz, P.W. (2002).  Decomposing the relationships between pretreatment social network characteristics and alcohol treatment outcome.   Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63(1), 114-121.
• Longabaugh, R., & Wirtz, P.W. (Eds.) (2001).  Project MATCH:  Hypotheses, Results, and Causal Chain Analysis.  NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series (Vol. 8).  Washington:  Government Printing Office.
• Wirtz, P.W., & Longabaugh, R. (2001).  Methodological assessment and critique. In R. Longabaugh and P.W. Wirtz (Eds.), Project MATCH:  Hypotheses Results, and Causal Chain Analysis (p. 296-304).  NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series (Vol. 8).  Washington:  Government Printing Office.
• Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P.W., & Rice, C. (2001).  Social functioning.  In R. Longabaugh and P.W. Wirtz (Eds.), Project MATCH:  Hypotheses Results, and Causal Chain Analysis (p. 285-294).  NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series (Vol. 8).  Washington:  Government Printing Office.
• Longabaugh, R., & Wirtz, P.W. (2001).  Network support for drinking. In R. Longabaugh and P.W. Wirtz (Eds.), Project MATCH:  Hypotheses Results, and Causal Chain Analysis (p. 260-275).  NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series (Vol. 8).  Washington:  Government Printing Office.
• Longabaugh, R., & Wirtz, P.W. (2001).  Purpose of the monograph. In R. Longabaugh and P.W. Wirtz (Eds.), Project MATCH:  Hypotheses Results, and Causal Chain Analysis (p. 1-3).  NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series (Vol. 8).  Washington:  Government Printing Office.
• Longabaugh, R., & Wirtz, P.W. (2001).  Matching hypotheses. In R. Longabaugh and P.W. Wirtz (Eds.), Project MATCH:  Hypotheses Results, and Causal Chain Analysis (p. 4-17).  NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series (Vol. 8).  Washington:  Government Printing Office.
• Longabaugh, R., & Wirtz, P.W. (2001).  Causal chain analysis. In R. Longabaugh and P.W. Wirtz (Eds.), Project MATCH:  Hypotheses Results, and Causal Chain Analysis (p. 18-28).  NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series (Vol. 8).  Washington:  Government Printing Office.
• Longabaugh, R., & Wirtz, P.W. (2001).  Hypotheses, results, and causal chain analysis. In R. Longabaugh and P.W. Wirtz (Eds.), Project MATCH:  Hypotheses Results, and Causal Chain Analysis (p. 305-).  NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series (Vol. 8).  Washington:  Government Printing Office.
• Rychtarik, R.G., Connors, G.J., Whitney, R.B., McGillicuddy, N.B., Fitterling, J.M., & Wirtz, P.W. (2000). Treatment settings for persons with alcoholism:  Evidence for matching clients to inpatient versus outpatient care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(2), 277‑289.
• Project MATCH Research Group (1999). A study to remember:  Response of the Project MATCH Research Group.  Addiction, 94(1), 66-69.
• Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P.W., Zweben, Z., & Stout, R.L. (1998).  Network support for drinking, alcoholics anonymous and long-term matching effects.  Addiction, 93(9), 1313-1333.
• Project MATCH Research Group (1998).  Matching patients with alcohol disorders to treatments:  Clinical implications from Project MATCH.  Journal of Mental Health, 7(6), 589-602.
• Project MATCH Research Group (1998).  Matching alcoholism treatment to client heterogeneity:  Project MATCH Three-Year Drinking Outcomes.  Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22(6), 1300-1311.
• Project MATCH Research Group (1998).  Therapist effects in three treatments for alcohol problems.  Psychotherapy Research, 8(4), 455-474.
• Project MATCH Research Group (1998).  Matching alcoholism treatment to client heterogeneity:  Treatment main effects and matching effects on drinking during treatment  Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, 631-639.
• Carroll, K.M., Connors, G.J., DiClemente, C.C., Donovan, D.M., Longabaugh, R.L., Kadden, R.M., Rounsaville, B.J., Wirtz. P.W., & Zweben, A. (1998). Internal validity of Project MATCH treatments: Discriminability and integrity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(2), 290-303.
• Project Match Research Group (1997).  Project MATCH secondary a priori hypotheses. Addiction, 92(12), 1671-1698.
• McKay, J.R., Cacciola, J.S., McLellan, A.T., Alterman, A.I., & Wirtz, P.W. (1997).  An initial evaluation of the psychosocial dimensions of the American Society of Medicine Criteria for Inpatient versus Intensive Outpatient Substance Abuse Rehabilitation. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58, 239-252.
• Project Match Research Group (1997). Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity:  Project MATCH Posttreatment Drinking Outcomes.  Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58, 7-29.
• Wirtz, P.W. (1995).  Online remote computer access.  In Liebowitz, J. (ed.), Advances in Telematics, Volume 3.  Norwood, NJ:  Ablex Publications.
• Weissberg-Benchell, J., Glasgow, A.M., Tynan, W.D., Wirtz, P.W., Turek, J., & Ward, J. (1995).  Adolescent diabetes management and mismanagement.  Diabetes Care, 18(1), 77-82.
• Del Boca, F.K., Babor, T.F., McRee, B. & Wirtz, P.W. (1995).  Assessment of reliability in multisite clinical research:  An empirical assessment of four interviews at nine sites.
• Wirtz, P.W., Carbonari, J., Muenz, L., Stout, R., Tonigan, S., & Connors, G. (1994).  Classical analytical methods for detecting matching effects on treatment outcome.  Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 12, December, 1994, 76-82.
• Stout, R.L., Wirtz, P.W., Carbonari, J., & Del Boca, F.K.  (1994).  Ensuring balanced distribution of prognostic factors in treatment outcome research.  Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 12, December, 1994, 70-75.
• Carbonari, J.P., Wirtz, P.W., Muenz, L., & Stout, R. (1994)  Alternative analytical methods for detecting matching effects on treatment outcome.  Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 12, December, 1994, 83-90.
• Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P.W., DiClemente, C.C., & Litt, M.D. (1994).  Issues in the development of client-treatment matching hypotheses.  Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 12, December, 1994, 46-59.
• Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P.W., Beattie, M., Noel, N., & Stout, R. (1994).  Matching treatment focus to patient social investment and support:  18 month follow-up results.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(2), 296-307.
• Carroll, K.M., Rounsaville, B.J., Nich, C., Gordon, L.T., Wirtz, P.W., & Gawin, F. (1993).  One year follow-up of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence:  Delayed emergence of psychotherapy effects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(12), 989-997.
• Project Match Research Group (1993).  Project MATCH:  Rationale and methods for a multisite clinical trial matching alcoholism patients to treatment.  Alcoholism:  Clinical and Experimental Research, 17(6), 1130-1145.
• Offermann, L.R., Kennedy, J.K., Jr., & Wirtz, P.W. (1994).  Implicit leadership theories:  Content, structure, and generalizability.  Leadership Quarterly, 5(1), 43-58.
• Schwartz, R.H., & Wirtz, P.W. (1990).  Potential substance abuse detection among adolescent patients:  Using the Drug and Alcohol Problem (DAP) Quick Screen, a 30-item questionnaire.  Clinical Pediatrics, 29(1), 38-43.
• Wirtz, P.W., & Charner, I. (1989).  Premature retirement:  Does a positive attitude ensure a successful transition?  (Working Paper No. 1989-3).  Washington, DC:  The George Washington University, Graduate Institute for Policy Education and Research.
• Harrell, A.V., & Wirtz, P.W. (1989).  Screening for adolescent problem drinking:  Validation of a multidimensional instrument for case identification.  Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 61-63.
• Harrell, A.V., & Wirtz, P.W. (1989).  Manual for the Adolescent Drinking Inventory:  Drinking and You.  Washington, DC:  ISA Associates.
• Rohrbeck, C.A., & Wirtz, P.W. (1989).  Intense employment while in high school:  Are teachers, guidance counselors, and parents misguiding academically-oriented adolescents?  (Report No. to be issued).  Washington, DC:  George Washington University, Department of Psychology (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. to be issued).
• Wirtz, P.W., & Charner, I. (1989).  Motivations for educational participation by retirees:  The expressive-instrumental continuum revisited.  Educational Gerontology, 15, 275-284.
• Wirtz, P.W., Rohrbeck, C.A., Charner, I., & Fraser, B.S. (1988).  Situational and social influences on high school students' decisions to work part-time.  Washington, DC:  The George Washington University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 299 389)
• Wirtz, P.W., Rohrbeck, C.A., Charner, I., & Fraser, B.S. (1988).  Employment of adolescents while in high school:  Employment intensity, interference with schoolwork, and normative approval.  Journal of Adolescent Research, 3, 97-105.
• Wirtz, P.W., & Harrell, A.V. (1987).  Victim and crime characteristics, coping responses, and short- and long-term recovery from victimization.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(6), 866-871.
• Wirtz, P.W., & Harrell, A.V. (1987).  The effects of threatening versus non-threatening prior life events on short and long term fear levels of rape victims.  Violence and Victims, 2(2), 89-98.
• Wirtz, P.W., & Harrell, A.V. (1987). Psychological response to physical vs. non‑physical assault: A profile analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2(3), 264-277.
• Wirtz, P.W., Rohrbeck, C.A., Charner, I., & Fraser, B.S. (1987).  Intense employment while in high school:  Are teachers, guidance counselors, and parents misguiding academically-oriented adolescents?  (Working Paper No. 1987-4).  Washington, DC:  The George Washington University, Graduate Institute for Policy Education and Research.
• Adams, A.V., Mangum, S.L., & Wirtz, P.W. (1987).  Postschool education and training:  Accessible to all?  The Review of Black Political Economy, 15(3), 68-86.
• Wirtz, P.W., & Harrell, A.V. (1987).  Police and victims of non‑domestic physical assault.  Criminal Justice and Behavior, 14, 81-92.
• Wirtz, P.W., & Harrell, A.V. (1987). Effects of post‑assault exposure to attack similar stimuli on long‑term recovery of victims.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 10-16.
• Rebok, G.W., Offermann, L.R., Wirtz, P.W., & Montaglione, C.J. (1986). Work and intellectual aging:  The psychological concomitants of social‑organizational conditions. Educational Gerontology, 12, 359-374.
• Harrell, A.V., & Wirtz, P.W. (1985). The adolescent drinking index professional manual.  Odessa, FL:  Psychological Assessment Resources.
• Miller, J.D., Cisin, I.H., Gardner-Keaton, H., Harrell, A.V., Wirtz, P.W., Abelson, H.I., & Fishburne, P.M. (1983).  National Survey on Drug Abuse:  Main Findings 1982.  DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 83-1263.  Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
• Harrell, A.V., & Wirtz, P.W. (1982).  Developmental sequences in illicit drug use.  Paper to be published in a National Institute on Drug Abuse monograph.
• Adams, A.V., Goldstein, H., Harrell, A.V., Mangum, S.L., & Wirtz, P.W. (1982).  The Neglected Source of Human Wealth:  A Study of Formal Education and Training During the Adult Years.  Final report prepared for the U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration Office of Research Development, Washington, D.C.
• Senftle, F.E., & Wirtz, P.W. (1967).  An investigation of extraterrestrial tektites.  Washington, DC:  National Bureau of Standards.

• Statistical Modeling and Analysis
• Advanced Statistical Modeling and Analysis
• Exploratory and Multivariate Data Analysis
• Special Topics in Research Methods
• Judgment, Uncertainty, and Decisions
• Data Analysis and Decisions
• Financial Modeling and Econometrics
• Mathematics and Statistics for Management
• First-Year Development Course

Methodological Advisor

• COMBINE Study, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Consultant to Principal Investigator Richard Longabaugh at the Brown University site.
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism:  Methodological Advisor for “Project MATCH” nationwide multi-site clinical treatment matching study
• United States General Accounting Office:  Methodological Advisor and Instructor for senior executive design/data analysis seminars

Study Panel Membership

• ALCP 1/AA3:  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
• Special Emphasis Panel:  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (July 9, 1996)
• Scientific Review and Evaluation Board (Large Grants):  Veterans Administration
• Scientific Review and Evaluation Board (Research Career Scientist):  Veterans Administration
• Special Review Panel on VA Cooperative Studies in Health Services:  Evaluation of a Computer-Assisted Neuropsychological Screening Battery (April 22, 1996 and October 29, 1996)
• Special Review Committee on Alcohol Research Center Grants:  National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Reviewer:  Refereed Journals

• Academy of Management Learning & Education
• Addiction
• Alcohol Health & Research World
• Journal of the Addictions
• Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (Editorial Board: 1988-1990)
• Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
• Journal of Studies on Alcohol
• Psychological Bulletin
• Journal of Mathematical Psychology

Advisory Panels

• Scientific Advisory Council, Oklahoma Center for Alcohol & Drug Related Studies
• Reviewer:  Refereed Professional Books
• John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Applied Multivariate Analysis